A practical macro-mechanical model for the bend capacity of fibre-reinforced polymer bars

Bent fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars embedded in reinforced concrete elements resist lower forces than straight counterparts due to strength losses at the bend, and such are difficult calculate. This paper reports on an investigation into effect of section geometry bond, which led a new macro-mechanical model calculate bend capacity FRP bars. The proposed uses Tsai–Hill failure criterion accounts for factors known influence A factor, ignored existing models, also degradation change bent portion bar. was calibrated using set 80 tests found literature performed by authors. results indicated that, compared with equations, predicts more accurately, average prediction experiment ratio 1·0 standard deviation 0·25. Following validation verification, appropriate values parameters recommended design. can lead economical design, up 15%.